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Torres Strait English
Torres Strait English (called by its speakers T.I. English) is a dialect of the English language spoken by the people of various backgrounds (indigenous Torres Strait, Malay, Filipino, European, Japanese, etc.) born and raised on Thursday Island and neighbouring islands in Torres Strait, North Queensland, Australia. It is distinct from Torres Strait Creole, though most locals speak both the creole and English. Quite a few locals are also speakers of General Australian English.
Its main phonological characteristic is the retention of English and where Australian English has and (for example, wheel rather than , fool rather than ), while where grammar and the like are concerned, Torres Strait English shows a certain amount of post-Creole characteristics, such as the phrase You for () (e.g. You for style!) for the English You look/are really () (You are a real show-off!, alt. You are real cool!), and the almost mandatory use of second personal pronouns in the imperative. Other characteristics of T.I. English follow general non-standard dialects of English such as the use of ''done'' for ''did'', ''run'' for ''ran'', ''come'' for ''came'' (i.e. a four-way verb system of present-past-infinitive—ing-form for all verbs), and ''oncet'' for ''once''. This is a non-rhotic accent, like Australian and New Zealand dialects.
T.I. English is not a post-creole form, but rather an independent development from the English of the early European settlers, most of whom were from various parts of the world. Relatively few were native-born White Australians. The input dialects were British of various types, Irish, US, Jamaican, and others. Substratum languages include Malay, Japanese, Chinese (Cantonese?), Jamaican Creole, Samoan, Brokan, and so on.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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